孔子曰:温故而知新,可以为师矣。
从产品生产的起点到中点再到重点,在团队合作中一个人的错误甚至导致整个项目的失败,参与人在项目的每一个步骤前前后后都必须进行自省,找到问题的最优解,虽然试错能够提升团队经验,最后也有一定的几率完成目标,但必须以ROI为引导方向。自省如同盖楼时使用的吊塔,虽然楼房交付最终不包含吊塔,但吊塔的协调运输是一个重要的环节,塔吊人员吊什么材料,工人就使用什么材料,也影响了楼的质量,如果吊塔吊错了材料,势必会反工,产品生产亦是如此但也有不同。脑力劳动的团队如果重复做一件项目,不仅打击参与团队的信心,也会降低团队中每个人的激情和价值感,还会增加项目成本,最后甚至把项目彻底搞黄。
参与产品生产的每一个人都需要自省,产品自省是以目的为导向,并提供有力内容反复的去验证,以达到自洽,最终找到解决问题的最优解。其中产品经理作为产品的起草人,养成潜意识的自省习惯是必要的,自省需要不畏惧对自我否定造成的创伤,勇于承认错误,时刻记得,以错误验证错误得到的还是错误。
在这里提供一个自省的平行思考的方式——英国学者爱德华·德博诺的六顶思考帽:
白帽子,中立、客观,偏好以事实、数字、证据做判断。注意点是只做陈述数据和想法,不加任何主观的评论和论证,譬如2018年中国空调耗电量占全球的34%,自己只需提供这个数据,不需要再做进一步解释;
红帽子:直觉、情感,代表情绪、感觉。倾向于以预感、直觉、印象来思考。注意点:不允许做出任何解释,只表直觉和情感,不允许辩论,譬如:我认为产品的UI界面不符合目标用户审美是影响用户留存的最重要的因素,自己只需说下感情,不需要去提供证据;
黑帽子:谨慎、负面,以批判、悲观方式提出负面看法,包含实施的缺点、风险或不安因素。注意点,黑帽子问的是“哪里有问题”。需要提供合理的有效的论证来支持所说的观点,譬如:这此改版将会导致用户使用时长减少,从首页面到目标页面,增加了两个点击步骤,用户打开应用后,找不到自己所需要的内容之后,逐渐减少了用户的期望值,产生焦虑,势必会退出并卸载。
黄帽子:积极、正面,乐观、正面思考,将焦点放在优点上,从利益、价值、可取之处着手。与黑帽子相对的,黄帽的问题是“优点是什么”或“利益是什么”。给每一个方案建议找出以逻辑为基础的有点/价值,建设性的思考;建设性和启发性的,内容需要积极向上!譬如如果这个注册页面改版方案能够提上日程,势必会增加注册率,注册页面目前老旧,步骤繁琐,目标不突出,把注册按钮换成蓝色,这样降低对人的视觉冲击,使人的内心变得平静,并给予用户状态的说明,减少不确定性,容错率更高,用户在填写错了在修改的几率会增加。
绿帽子:创意、巧思,代表探索、建议、新观念,以及可行性、多样性等创造性思路。注意点: 。绿色思维提出了“我们有什么样的想法”的问题。必须以行为为导向的思考和陈述,(建设性的语言)其中提问问题时换一种思考方式,可以使用HWM的结构,我们可以怎样XXXX,譬如:怎么提高用户留存率?我们可以从这样这些方面去思考解决问题,譬如可以这样想:我们可以怎样让用户一进入就有想退出去的冲动?添加一句脏话、增加一张令人不适的图片。
蓝帽子:统整、控制,综观全局,整合所有意见,并提出最终结论。注意点:思考思考本身,跳出去思考自身,需要足够的经验,做到流程的自洽,思考主题,纠正方向和思考方式,需要执行的人物思考,负责小结,综述,监督思考,终止争论。也是自省中最重要的环节。譬如:今天下午我们开个会,首先要陈述一下事实,之后在表述自己的感受,还是把演讲的顺序颠倒一下,已达到最优的效果。
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